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man creations, out of the Mineral Kingdom, represented by the Moun-
tain Chief Himalaya. The giving up by Sati, of the body acquired
from Daksha and her rebirth as the daughter of the Mountain King
show how the elemental creation gave way to a fresh creative process,
which took its start from the Mineral Kingdom.
The Kumaras form a peculiar creation. "They are Prakrita in as
much as they partake of the character of Devas and they are
Vaikrita, as they partake of the character of men." Srtdham. The
great commentator also says: "Sanaka and other Kumaras are not
created in every kalpa. The account of their creation is only given
in the first Kalpa, called Brahma. In reality, the Vegetable and
other life kingdoms are created in every Kalpa. Sanaka and others
being created in Brahma Kalpa only follow the creations in other
Kalpas,"
Upon death, men go to Bhuvar Loka, where they become Bhu-
tas, Pretas and Pisachas. Then they go to Svar Loka, where they
become Devas, not the Devas of Deva creations but only temporary
Devas. When their merits are exhausted, they come down upon
earth, to begin life as men again. But if by unselfish Karma
and devotion, men pass across the limits of the triple plane, they
go first to Mahar Loka. Here they are called Prajapatis. Bhrigu
and other Prajapatis who are the ordinary dwellers of Mahar
Loka, are described in one sloka of Bhagavata, as bearing the
life period of one Kalpa. (II. 2. 25). In the next sloka it is
said that the Yogins who go to Mahar Loka, remain there till the
end of the Kalpa, when at last they go to Satya Loka.
But in another sloka, the Purana says: "When the night of
Pralaya follows, the three Lokas, Bhur, Bhuvar and Svar, are burnt by
the fire from the mouth of Sankarshana. Troubled by the excessive
heat of that fire, Bhrigu and others proceed from Mahar Loka to
Jana Loka." I1I-II-3O.
This shews that the dwellers of Mahar Loka live for the life
time of Brahma or two Parardhas.
This is also made clear by the following commentary of Sridhara
on IH-io-9:
"Why did Brahma make the three Lokas into one division?
This Triloki consisting of Bhur, Bhuvar and Svar is the place that
is to be made in every Kalpa or day of Brahm ?? for the enjoyment of
Jivas (or individuals). But Jivas dwell in the higher Lokas as well. Why
are not those Lokas created then in every Kalpa? This is because they
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