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inimical to men. Left alone, they do not interfere with men. But
when men try to gain superiority over them, by the acquisition of
Brahma Vidya, they try to throw obstacles in their way.
The Brihad Aranyak Upanishad says: "Even the gods verily
are not able to prevent him from the possession of the state of all."
I. -4-10
Again, " As verily many beasts maintain a man, so every man
mantains the gods. It is not pleasant, even if one beast is taken
away, how then, if many? Therefore it is not pleasant to them,
that men should know this i.e. the truth of the nature of Brahma."
Commenting on this, Sankaracharyya quotes a Sloka from Anugrta:
"The world of the gods is surrounded by performers of works. But
the gods do not wish that mortals should abide above."
Sankaracharyya goes on to say: "Therefore the gods try to
exclude, like cattle from tigers, men from the knowledge of Brahma,
as it is their desire, that they should not be elevated above the sphere
of their use. Whom they wish to liberate, to him they impart belief
??c., and unbelief to him whom they wish not to liberate."
Ananda Giri, the commentator of Sankaracharyya, quotes the
following Sloka:
"Devas do not protect men, rod in hand, like cattle-keepers./
When they wish to protect a man, they impart the necessary in-
telligence to him."
Nothing is said in the Puranas, as to Devas of the higher
Lokas.
The Prakrita Devas are intimately connected with our senses
and intellect. It is through their direct help, that we are able to per-
ceive and to conceive. Hence they are called Adhi-devas or Vaikaric
Devas. They are not individuals and the remarks made above as to
Devas, do not apply to them.
IV. DIVISIONS OF KALA.
SKANDHA III. CHAP. 11.
The unit of Kala at the Sukshma pole is Paramanu, which is
the minutest part of the created thing, not united to form a body.
At the Sthula pole is the whole Sthula creation known in its entirety
as Farama Mahat. The time during which the Sun crosses in
his orbit one paramanu is the Kala unit paramanu. The time
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