as spectators. But now Mr. Maynard, the editor, took oc~
casion to remark, somewhat naively, that he had always
understood that Socialists had a cut-and-dried program
for the future of civilization; whereas here were two active
members of the party, who, from what he could make out,
were agreed about nothing at all. Would the two, for his
enlightenment, try to ascertain just what they had in com~
mon, and why they belonged to the same party? This
resulted, after much debating, in the formulating of two
carefully worded propositions: First, that a Socialist be~
lieves in the common ownership and democratic manage~
ment of the means of producing the necessities of life; and,
second, that a Socialist believes that the means by which
this is to be brought about is the class-conscious political
organization of the wage-earners. Thus far they were at
one; but no farther. To Lucas, the religious zealot,
the cooperative commonwealth was the New Jerusalem,
the kingdom of Heaven, which is "within you." To the
other, Socialism was simply a necessary step toward a
far-distant goal, a step to be tolerated with impatience.
Schliemann called himself a "philosophic anarchist"; and
he explained that an anarchist was one who believed that
the end of human existence was the free development of
every personality, unrestricted by laws save those of its
own being. Since the same kind of match would light
everyone's fire and the same-shaped loaf of bread would
fill everyone's stomach, it would be perfectly feasible to
submit industry to the control of a majority vote. There
was only one earth, and the quantity of material things
was limited. Of intellectual and moral things, on the
other hand, there was no limit, and one could have more
without another's having less; hence "Communism in
material production, anarchism in intellectual," was the
formula of modern proletarian thought. As soon as the
birth-agony was over, and the wounds of society had been
healed, there would be established a simple system whereby
each man was credited with his labor and debited with his
purchases; and after that the processes of production, ex~
change, and consumption would go on automatically, and

[[401]]

p400 _ -chap- _ toc-1 _ p401w _ toc-2 _ +chap+ _ p402

v?