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Chapter 6

Commons Lessons


Commons may be rare. They may evoke tragedies. They may be hard to
sustain. And at times, they certainly may interfere with the efficient use
of important resources.

But commons also produce something of value. They are a resource for
decentralized innovation. They create the opportunity for individuals to
draw upon resources without connections, permission, or access granted by
others. They are environments that commit themselves to being open. Indi-
viduals and corporations draw upon the value created by this openness.
They transform that value into other value, which they then consume pri-
vately.

The Internet has been built on two kinds of commons; it has the poten-
tial to move to a third. The protocols of the Net embedded principles in the
Net that constructed an innovation commons at the code layer. Though
running on other people's property, this commons invited anyone to inno-
vate and provide content for this space. It was a common market of innova-
tion, protected by an architecture that forbade discrimination.

Free or open source software provided a second commons at the content
layer. The open code components of the Net were perpetual options for in-
novation. The ideas and implementation of code that would build the Inter-
net were made freely available both technically and legally. Legally, to the
extent that licenses that protected open code required that it remain in the
commons. Technically, in the sense that the code that built core and
peripheral functions -- including, importantly, the World Wide Web -- was
made available to all.


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