____ end-to-end argument for, 34-39, 156
____ Ethernet, 77-78, 231
____ government monopoly of, 242
____ home, 157-158
____ incentives to build, 174
____ intelligence located in, 34
____ linking of, 147-149
____ local area, 77
____ market influences on, 46-47, 162
____ neutral platforms of, 37, 45, 61, 161
____ as open resource, 45, 61, 88
____ organization models for, 167
____ P2P, 134-137, 159, 194, 258
____ real options theory applied to, 89
____ smart, 38
____ speed of, 47
____ stupid, 38
____ vertical integration in, 165-166
____ wires of, 26
neutral platforms:
____ increasing controls vs., 175
____ of Internet, 10, 37, 91, 161, 167, 174, 175, 266
____ of networks, 37, 45, 61, 161
____ of open code, 72, 246-249
____ public benefits of, 168
Newton, Harry, 38
Newton, Sir Isaac, 13
Noam, Eli, 219, 226, 231
noise, communities built by, 133
nonexclusive rights, 86
nonrivalrous resources:
____ nature of, 21, 58, 94-95, 115-116
____ need for creation of, 95, 96
____ system of control for, 95-96
norms:
____ control via, 96, 146, 151
____ protection by, 58, 161, 167, 170
NRC (National Research Council), 34-35, 40, 165-166, 176

object code, 50
old vs. new, 6, 16, 139, 145-146, 199-201, 202-5, 212, 236-239, 265
OLGA, 182-183
1-Click technology, 211
on-line bulletin boards, 79-80
on-line communities, 162-163
on-line services, 147-148, 163
open access movement, 164, 165
open source licenses, 60, 67, 72, 97
operating systems (OS):
____ built on open code, 68, 247
____ common platform of, 51
____ DOS, 62-66
____ free, 52
____ GNU, 53-54
____ GNU/Linux, 54-55, 56, 57, 60, 62, 69
____ GUI, 62, 63
____ IBM OS/2, 28, 65
____ incompatibility of, 51
____ licensing of, 60
____ Mac OS, 60-61, 63, 90-91
____ as nonrivalrous resource, 96
____ Unix, 51-52
Oracle, 208
Oram, Andy, 137
O'Reilly, Tim, 210-211
Osterman, Jack, 32
Ostrom, Elinor, 95
overconsumption, prevention of, 22

P2P networks, 134-137, 159, 194, 258
packet-switching technology, 31-34, 40, 46, 79, 157
Parker, Sean, 130
parks:
____ as commons, 19, 20, 21, 87
____ as free resource, 13, 20
patches, 55-56
Patel, Marilyn Hall, 196
patent bar, 211-212
patent law, 205-215
____ as barrier to idea theft, 211
____ and content layer, 259-261
____ damages under, 260
____ duration and scope of, 207-8, 212-213, 214, 216, 259
____ "holdup problem" of, 214
____ innovation affected by, 205, 206, 209-211, 214
____ and licensing, 205, 210
____ and litigation, 213
____ progress as goal of, 205
____ reform of, 260-261
____ as state-backed monopoly, 205-7, 211, 212
____ technological competition and, 206
Patent Office, U.S., 207, 208, 213, 259-261

[[347]]

p346 _ -chap- _ toc-1 _ p347w _ toc-2 _ +chap+ _ p348

v?